What came first the chicken or the egg?

Science is the process by which we can ask and answer questions about our natural world.  Everything from your most routine activities all the way to the quest for our universe’s origins are fair game for the field of science!  So, let's put science to the test and answer an age-old question: What came first the chicken or the egg?

So without the egg there would be no chicken, right?  However, at the same time without the chicken would there be an egg?  Well, actually, yes there would be.   This is the story about the long and detailed process of evolution. Eggs are used by any species that sexually reproduces.  So to trace back the history of eggs we must look back at some of the earliest species that sexually reproduced.

First of all, some of the earliest eggs date all the way back to early sponges, literally hundreds of millions of years ago.   After millions upon millions of years of natural selection on mutations and variations an early avian species was produced, we’ll call this a “proto-bird”.  This early bird laid eggs that would, again after generation upon generation of natural selection, turn into a wide variety of bird species.

One of those bird species was what we could call a “proto-chicken”, meaning it was some variation of what we know as a chicken, but not exactly what we have available on Earth today.  Well, that “proto-chicken” laid eggs and eventually the species started to morph and change slowly due to natural selection and voila, an egg was laid that would hatch and give birth to what we now know as a chicken.  The egg allowed for the chicken to be born.

Now, why that chicken crossed the road is a whole different story all together...

Great Backyard Bird Count

Hazel Erikson, TN, GBBC 2010

What is it?  The Great Backyard Bird Count engages bird watchers of all ages in counting birds over a 4-day period.  This annual bird population survey creates a real-time snapshot of bird populations throughout the US and Canada and helps researchers better understand birds and their behavior.

Who can do it?  You can!  Anyone may participate.  You may count birds for as little as 15 minutes or for as long as you like each day of the event.

When is it?  This weekend - Friday, February 18 through Monday, February 21.

Where do I count?  Anywhere!  Birds are all around us - your backyard, a park, a farm, or the city.  You may go to a particular place to count or you may count wherever you happen to be.

How do I report my count?  Go to the Great Backyard Bird Count website "How to Participate" page - all you need to know is there: http://www.birdsource.org/gbbc/howto.html

Enjoy your weekend and happy counting!

Good-bye, ospreys! See you next year...

If you spend much time on the Virginia coast, the high-pitched call of the osprey is a familiar sound. In fact it’s so familiar that it’s often taken for granted …until it’s gone. I love fall with its cool sunny days and blue, blue skies, but I am always a little sad when the ospreys leave. Around mid- September, the ospreys who summer on the Chesapeake Bay disappear. Where do they go?

Dr. Richard O. Bierregaard, Jr. knows! He has been studying ospreys for over 40 years. In 2000, in collaboration with Dr. Mark Martell, he began installing GPS tracking devices on young ospreys to track their migration patterns, including several from the Chesapeake Bay region. Ospreys have been tracked to winter quarters in the Caribbean, Central and South America, as far south as Peru! His tagged birds have names and his website is updated regularly with their progress. By September 12, three birds, Penelope, Sr. Bones and Thatch (Thatch is from Delaware) had begun the long and perilous journey south. Gunny left on September 19 and arrived in Virginia Beach on Tuesday. Other tagged birds, including Neale, Sanford and North Fork Bob, should be leaving soon. To follow their progress, go to: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/bierregaard/migration10.htm.  I have to admit that following these birds as they make their way south and, hopefully, back north again could become an addiction.

If they survive the journey and winter, they will return around mid-March to nest near the area where they were born. Ospreys begin mating at three years of age and will often mate for life. Nests consist of bulky piles of sticks on navigational markers, duck blinds, utility poles or high up in a pine tree, but always near the water. Females usually lay three eggs in mid-April to late May.  By July, the fledglings fly from the nest and begin to practice their steep dives to catch fish.

Ospreys are sometimes confused with bald eagles. It’s certainly easy to do – ospreys look remarkably similar to both juvenile and adult bald eagles. Here’s a brief primer to tell them apart: ospreys are dark brown or black with white underparts, a broad black eye stripe and a black patch on the underside of the wings. Adult bald eagles have white heads and tails but dark underparts, while juvenile bald eagles are all brown or mottled brown and white all over. Ospreys are slightly smaller than bald eagles and fly with their wings "crooked" in an M shape, whereas bald eagles fly with their wings in a flat line.

We are fortunate here in the Chesapeake Bay region to have the largest nesting population of ospreys in the world, over 2000 pairs which accounts for 25% of the US population. While they are wintering in warmer climes, I hope to follow the travels of Penelope, Sr. Bones, Thatch and Gunny and will eagerly await their return in the spring!